quantikine elisa kit  (R&D Systems)

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Sweet orange essential oil and (+)-limonene prevent oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma/BV-2 microglia co-culture neurodegeneration models

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05215-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytochrome c levels in 6-OHDA-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO and (+)-limonene. Cytochrome c concentration was measured using a Cytochrome C ELISA kit. A Cytochrome c concentrations in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells after the administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. B Cytochrome c levels of 6-OHDA and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, or rasagiline. C Cytochrome c concentrations in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia, SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. D Cytochrome c levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia, SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. Columns represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The asterisk indicates p < 0.05, compared to the DMSO-treated controls. Cross means p < 0.05, compared to the 6-OHDA treatment. Double-cross represents p < 0.05, compared to SO treatment. Abbreviations: FAC, ferric ammonium citrate; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxidopamine; SO EO, sweet orange essential oil; Lim, (+)-limonene; Ras, rasagiline

Article Snippet: Cytochrome c levels were determined using a Human Cytochrome c ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Sweet orange essential oil and (+)-limonene prevent oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma/BV-2 microglia co-culture neurodegeneration models

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05215-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secreted fractalkine levels of 6-OHDA-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO and (+)-limonene. The fractalkine concentration was measured using a Human Fractalkine ELISA kit. A Fractalkine secretion in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, or rasagiline. B Fractalkine levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. C Fractalkine secretion by 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia and SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. D Fractalkine levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells treated with SO EO, (+)-limonene, or rasagiline in the presence of microglia. Columns represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The asterisk indicates p < 0.05, compared to the DMSO-treated controls. Cross means p < 0.05, compared to the 6-OHDA treatment. Double-cross represents p < 0.05, compared to SO treatment. Abbreviations: FAC, ferric ammonium citrate; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxidopamine; SO EO, sweet orange essential oil; Lim, (+)-limonene; Ras, rasagiline

Article Snippet: Cytochrome c levels were determined using a Human Cytochrome c ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Sweet orange essential oil and (+)-limonene prevent oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma/BV-2 microglia co-culture neurodegeneration models

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05215-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secreted Interleukin-6 levels in 6-OHDA-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO and (+)-limonene and IL-6 production in BV-2 cells in co-cultures. IL-6 concentration was measured using the Human IL-6 ELISA kit for SH-SY5Y cells and the Mouse IL-6 ELISA kit for BV-2 cells. A IL-6 secretion in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells after the administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. B IL-6 levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells after the administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. C IL-6 secretion in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia, SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. D IL-6 levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated with microglia and SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. E IL-6 secretion by BV-2 microglia in the various treated co-cultures. F IL-6 secretion by BV-2 microglia in FAC-pretreated co-cultures. Columns represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The asterisk indicates p < 0.05, compared to the DMSO-treated controls. Cross means p < 0.05, compared to the 6-OHDA treatment. Double-cross represents p < 0.05, compared to SO treatment. Abbreviations: IL-6, Interleukin-6; FAC, ferric ammonium citrate; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxidopamine; SO EO, sweet orange essential oil; Lim, (+)-limonene; Ras, rasagiline; ND, non-detectable

Article Snippet: Cytochrome c levels were determined using a Human Cytochrome c ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: Sweet orange essential oil and (+)-limonene prevent oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma/BV-2 microglia co-culture neurodegeneration models

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05215-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secreted TNF-α levels in 6-OHDA-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells after administration of SO EO and (+)-limonene, and TNF-α production in BV-2 cells in the co-cultures. TNF-α concentration was measured using the Human TNF-α ELISA kit for SH-SY5Y cells and the Mouse TNF-α ELISA kit for BV-2 cells. A TNF-α secretion in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells after the administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. B TNF-α levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells after the administration of SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. C TNF-α secretion in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia, SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. D TNF-α levels in 6-OHDA- and FAC-treated SH-SY5Y cells cultured and treated in the presence of microglia and SO EO, (+)-limonene, and rasagiline. E TNF-α secretion by BV-2 microglia in the various treated co-cultures. F TNF-α production by BV-2 microglia in FAC-pretreated co-cultures. Columns represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The asterisk indicates p < 0.05, compared to the DMSO-treated controls. Cross means p < 0.05, compared to the 6-OHDA treatment. Double-cross represents p < 0.05, compared to the SO treatment. Abbreviations: TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α; FAC, ferric ammonium citrate; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxidopamine; SO EO, sweet orange essential oil; Lim, (+)-limonene; Ras, rasagiline; ND, non-detectable

Article Snippet: Cytochrome c levels were determined using a Human Cytochrome c ELISA Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: Biophysical Reports

Article Title: Assessing protein-lipid interactions with a low-cost, accessible centrifugation assay

doi: 10.1016/j.bpr.2025.100224

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hydrophobic thickness and lipid composition affect protein cofloating with SUVs. ( A ) A de novo designed MP with a hydrophobic thickness of 50 Å MP (pJL209) was cell-free expressed in the presence of either water, DOPC SUVs forming a 29 Å lipid bilayer, or DEPC SUVs forming a 37 Å lipid bilayer. The 50 Å MP was modeled into the lipid bilayer with OREMPRO . Minimizing hydrophobic mismatch with DEPC SUVs results in the highest ratio of top/bottom MP-mEGFP fluorescence, suggesting improved folding into the bilayer. (∗ p = 0.0436; ∗∗∗ p = 0.0010). ( B ) Peripheral MP cytochrome c was cofloated with buffer or SUVs containing rhodamine for membrane detection. The PC/CL SUVs obtained the highest ratio of top/bottom band intensity via western blot densitometry analysis while the PC/PG/CL and PC/PG SUVs had less cytochrome c cofloating. (∗∗∗ p = 0.0001). ( A and B ) Mean values reported and standard deviation error is displayed on graph. One-way ANOVA statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism 10.1.2 ( n = 4). ( C ) SUV fluorescence ratios of top/bottom fractions were consistent among vesicle floats. Bar graph at mean values and standard deviation error bars are displayed. ( n >= 4).

Article Snippet: Cytochrome c samples were prepared by diluting His-tagged human cytochrome c (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) to 25 μg/mL in HEPES buffer.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Membrane, Western Blot, Standard Deviation